安装 « 竹磬网-邵珠庆の日记

63月/180

Vagrant-安装教程及常见问题

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前言：

Vagrant是一个基于Ruby的工具，用于创建和部署虚拟化开发环境。

它的主要意义是让所有开发人员都使用和线上服务器一样的环境，本质上和你新建一个虚拟机。

那最常见的，正常我们是怎么开发呢，大部分童鞋应该是在windows下搭建开发环境，敲代码，运行程序，达到效果git或svn提交，发布linux环境再看效果。

而vagrant virtualBox实现了把代码同步共享到linux虚拟机，而这个虚拟机你可以配成和你生产环境一样的，

说白了，通过共享文件到虚拟机，在类生产环境下运行。【让你在windows下体验到在linux开发的效果。】

还有一种共享方式，可以借助IDE的develop功能通过sftp上传到服务器，然后访问服务器

三种方式总结：

【1】原始windows开发模式：windows开发-本地访问调试(与生产环境毕竟不同)-发布到linux运行

【2】vagrant virtualBox模式: windows开发 - 文件本地共享 -- 直接访问虚拟机（linux环境与生产一致）

【3】IDE develop 模式: windows开发 - 文件远程上传 -- 访问远程开发机（linux环境与生产一致）

其实【1】，与【2，3】的区别就在于，程序是在哪里运行的，windows本地？or Linux仿生产环境

（能在仿生产的环境直接开发肯定比在windows开发在放到linux更好些，开发方便避免一些环境上等的麻烦）

【2】与【3】的区别就在于文件是如何同步的：【2】是通过虚拟机文件共享实现同步；【3】直接利用sftp远程上传实现同步。

缺点：

【1】毫无疑问，它的弊端就是开发时不能模拟生产环境，可能会有衔接问题，环境有了问题不像虚拟机重安一台立刻搞定。

【3】存在的问题，比如：当切换开发分支后改动了文件a和b，当前ide选中的是a文件,ok他会自动上传更新，但是b文件不会，因为窗口你没在b文件下呀，没有那么智能不会自动触发上传更新，这点就坑了造成代码不同步，需要你自己手动触发一下相关文件的上传，尤其是依赖一些包的时候会发生丢失，得全项目上传一次；

【2】因为是本地和虚拟机的文件共享嘛，没有文件上传遗漏一说，所以还是很推荐用

一。安装虚拟机

二。Vagrantfile配置文件详解

三。连接虚拟机

四。碰到问题

一。安装虚拟机

1.添加box

vagrant box add base your_box_addres

注意：base是默认名称，主要用来标识一下你添加的box，后面的命令都是基于这个标识来操作的，你也可以用其他名称【但是用了其他名字记得在第二步用此名字init】

2.初始化

vagrant init

vagrant init box_name

如果你添加的box名称不是[base]，那么需要在初始化的时候指定名称

3.启动虚拟机

vagrant up

启动过程可能比较长，耐心等待

图一.运行过程总图

图二

相关指令：

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vagrant up （启动虚拟机）
vagrant halt （关闭虚拟机——对应就是关机）
vagrant suspend （暂停虚拟机——只是暂停，虚拟机内存等信息将以状态文件的方式保存在本地，可以执行恢复操作后继续使用）
vagrant resume （恢复虚拟机—— 与前面的暂停相对应）
vagrant destroy （删除虚拟机，删除后在当前虚拟机所做进行的除开Vagrantfile中的配置都不会保留）

二.Vagrantfile配置文件详解

在我们的开发目录下有一个文件Vagrantfile，里面包含有大量的配置信息，主要包括三个方面的配置，虚拟机的配置、SSH配置、Vagrant的一些基础配置。（它的配置语法也是Ruby的）【修改配置文件，记得完后重启vagrant才能生效哦】

在我们的开发目录下有一个文件Vagrantfile，里面包含有大量的配置信息，主要包括三个方面的配置，虚拟机的配置、SSH配置、Vagrant的一些基础配置。Vagrant是使用Ruby开发的，所以它的配置语法也是Ruby的，但是我们没有学过Ruby的人还是可以跟着它的注释知道怎么配置一些基本项的配置。

具体介绍，参考：http://blog.csdn.net/chajinglong/article/details/52805915

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# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don\'t change it unless you know what
# you\'re doing.
Vagrant.configure(2) do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://atlas.hashicorp.com/search.
config.vm.box = "base"
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 80
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
config.vm.synced_folder "D:/all_code/", "/home/www"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Define a Vagrant Push strategy for pushing to Atlas. Other push strategies
# such as FTP and Heroku are also available. See the documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/push/atlas.html for more information.
# config.push.define "atlas" do |push|
# push.app = "YOUR_ATLAS_USERNAME/YOUR_APPLICATION_NAME"
# end
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <
# sudo apt-get update
# sudo apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end

三.连接虚拟机

1.虚拟机相关登录信息

vagrant ssh

这样我们就可以像连接到一台服务器一样进行操作了。

图三

2.ssh登录

window机器不支持这样的命令，必须使用第三方客户端来进行连接，例如xmoba、putty、Xshell等.

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ssh: 127.0.0.1
端口: 2222
用户名: vagrant
密码: vagrant

图四.xshell登陆举例

图五.xmoba登陆举例

3.系统信息

df -h

/vagrant这个目录是自动映射的，被映射到你刚刚建立的文件夹，这样就方便我们以后在开发机中进行开发，在虚拟机中进行运行效果测试了。

四。碰到问题：

1.vagrant up 时提示错误 cound not open file 问题

如果init指定了 add的名称test，那么init时也要说明，少了这一步

如下边错误演示与正确演示。

图六.错误演示

图七.正确演示

2.vagrant up 时提示错误：

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The guest machine entered an invalid state while waiting for it
to boot. Valid states are \'starting, running\'. The machine is in the
\'poweroff\' state. Please verify everything is configured
properly and try again.
If the provider you\'re using has a GUI that comes with it,
it is often helpful to open that and watch the machine, since the
GUI often has more helpful error messages than Vagrant can retrieve.
For example, if you\'re using VirtualBox, run `vagrant up` while the
VirtualBox GUI is open.
The primary issue for this error is that the provider you\'re using
is not properly configured. This is very rarely a Vagrant issue.

打开虚拟机启动，也会提示报错：

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Unable to load R3 module D:\virtualBox/VBoxDD.DLL (VBoxDD): GetLastError=1790 (VERR_UNRESOLVED_ERROR).

原因：

本目录中的以下三个文件是原始的未被破解的WIN7 64位系统主题文件：

themeservice.dll ， themeui.dll ，uxtheme.dll

为了使用工具UniversalThemePatcher-x64.exe恢复主题，特地将以上3个文件，

各拷贝了一份，并重新命名如下：

themeservice.dll.backup ，themeui.dll.backup ，uxtheme.dll.backup

解决方法：

我们只须把重命名后的3个文件：

themeservice.dll.backup ，themeui.dll.backup ，uxtheme.dll.backup

拷贝到C:\Windows\System32目录下面，

然后运行工具UniversalThemePatcher-x64.exe进行恢复即可。

下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/download/ty_hf/10013443【里边有使用说明】

3.虚拟机一切正常，文件代码也映射到虚拟机，但就是不能正常访问。

a).配置文件需要删除

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sudo rm -f /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

问题就处在在持久网络设备udev规则（persistent network device udev rules）是被原VM设置好的，再用box生成新VM时，这些rules需要被更新。而这和Vagrantfile里对新VM设置private network的指令发生冲突。删除就好了。

b).如果设置了host，虚拟机里也要设置一次

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vi /etc/hosts

3.问题 default: Warning: Authentication failure. Retrying...

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Bringing machine \'default\' up with \'virtualbox\' provider...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
default: Adapter 1: nat
default: Adapter 2: hostonly
==> default: Forwarding ports...
default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minute
default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
default: SSH username: vagrant
default: SSH auth method: private key
default: Warning: Remote connection disconnect. Retrying...
default: Warning: Authentication failure. Retrying...
default: Warning: Authentication failure. Retrying...
default: Warning: Authentication failure. Retrying...
Timed out while waiting for the machine to boot. This means that
Vagrant was unable to communicate with the guest machine within
the configured ("config.vm.boot_timeout" value) time period.
If you look above, you should be able to see the error(s) that
Vagrant had when attempting to connect to the machine. These errors
are usually good hints as to what may be wrong.
If you\'re using a custom box, make sure that networking is properly
working and you\'re able to connect to the machine. It is a common
problem that networking isn\'t setup properly in these boxes.
Verify that authentication configurations are also setup properly,
as well.
If the box appears to be booting properly, you may want to increase
the timeout ("config.vm.boot_timeout") value.

解决：

编辑Vagrantfile ，添加如下文件

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config.ssh.username = "vagrant"
config.ssh.password = "vagrant"

然后重启vagrant 重新加载配置文件

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vagrant halt
vagrant up

注意登陆的时候看下 vagrant ssh 看下你的登录信息，端口号

4.报错问题：

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Bringing machine \'default\' up with \'virtualbox\' provider...
Your VM has become "inaccessible." Unfortunately, this is a critical error
with VirtualBox that Vagrant can not cleanly recover from. Please open VirtualBox
and clear out your inaccessible virtual machines or find a way to fix

解决：

http://doodlebobbers.com/vagrant-error-your-vm-has-become-inaccessible/

其实就是删除.vagrant文件夹，然后重启vagrant

5.vagrant 启动的时候报错

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A Vagrant environment or target machine is required to run this
command. Run vagrant init to create a new Vagrant environment. Or,
get an ID of a target machine from vagrant global-status to run
this command on. A final option is to change to a directory with a
Vagrantfile and to try again.

少前边步骤了，比如vagrant init;或者没有进入对应vagrant init的文件夹

6.vagrant dns解析异常，访问接口特别慢，在Vagrantfile 配置文件中添加下边代码：

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config.vm.provider :virtualbox do |vb|
vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnshostresolver1", "on"]
vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--natdnsproxy1", "on"]

7.vagrant up 又提示新报错！

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D:\vcode>vagrant up
Bringing machine \'default\' up with \'virtualbox\' provider...
Your VM has become "inaccessible." Unfortunately, this is a critical error
with VirtualBox that Vagrant can not cleanly recover from. Please open VirtualBo
x
and clear out your inaccessible virtual machines or find a way to fix
them.

CentOS安装crontab及使用方法

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安装crontab:
[root@CentOS ~]# yum install vixie-cron
[root@CentOS ~]# yum install crontabs

说明：
vixie-cron软件包是cron的主程序；
crontabs软件包是用来安装、卸装、或列举用来驱动 cron 守护进程的表格的程序。
//+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
cron 是linux的内置服务，但它不自动起来，可以用以下的方法启动、关闭这个服务：
/sbin/service crond start //启动服务
/sbin/service crond stop //关闭服务
/sbin/service crond restart //重启服务
/sbin/service crond reload //重新载入配置

查看crontab服务状态：service crond status

手动启动crontab服务：service crond start

查看crontab服务是否已设置为开机启动，执行命令：ntsysv

加入开机自动启动:
chkconfig --level 35 crond on

一. Crontab 介绍

crontab命令的功能是在一定的时间间隔调度一些命令的执行。

1.1 /etc/crontab 文件

在/etc目录下有一个crontab文件，这里存放有系统运行的一些调度程序。每个用户可以建立自己的调度crontab。

如：

[root@dave ~]# cat /etc/crontab

SHELL=/bin/bash

PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

MAILTO=root

HOME=/

# run-parts

01 * * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.hourly

02 4 * * * root run-parts /etc/cron.daily

22 4 * * 0 root run-parts /etc/cron.weekly

42 4 1 * * root run-parts /etc/cron.monthly

1.2 /etc/cron.deny 和 /etc/cron.allow 文件

/etc/cron.deny 表示不能使用crontab 命令的用户

/etc/cron.allow 表示能使用crontab的用户。

如果两个文件同时存在，那么/etc/cron.allow 优先。

如果两个文件都不存在，那么只有超级用户可以安排作业。

每个用户都会生成一个自己的crontab 文件。这些文件在/var/spool/cron目录下：

如：

[root@dave ~]# cd /var/spool/cron

[root@dave cron]# ls

oracle root

我们直接查看这个文件，里面的内容和对应用户显示的crontab -l 一致。

[root@dave cron]# cat oracle

00 6 * * * /u02/scripts/del_st_archive.sh >/u02/scripts/del_st_arch.log 2>&1

[root@dave cron]# cat root

0 12 * * * /root/bin/sync-clock.sh

[root@dave cron]#

二. Crontab 使用说明

2.1 Crontab语法

usage: crontab [-u user] file

crontab [-u user] [ -e | -l | -r ]

(default operation is replace, per 1003.2)

-e (edit user's crontab)

-l (list user's crontab)

-r (delete user's crontab)

-i (prompt before deleting user's crontab)

-s (selinux context)

其中，file是命令文件的名字。如果在命令行中指定了这个文件，那么执行crontab命令，则将这个文件拷贝到crontabs目录下；如果在命令行中没有制定这个文件，crontab命令将接受标准输入（键盘）上键入的命令，并将他们也存放在crontab目录下。

帮助：

[root@dave ~]# man crontab

CRONTAB(1) CRONTAB(1)

NAME

crontab - maintain crontab files for individual users (ISC Cron V4.1)

SYNOPSIS

crontab [-u user] file

crontab [-u user] [-l | -r | -e] [-i] [-s]

DESCRIPTION

Crontab is the program used to install, deinstall or list the tables used to drive the cron(8) daemon in ISC Cron. Each user can have their own crontab, and though these are files in /var/spool/ , they are not intended to be edited directly. For SELinux in mls mode can be even more crontabs - for each range. For more see selinux(8).

If the cron.allow file exists, then you must be listed therein in order to be allowed to use this command. If the cron.allow file does not exist but the cron.deny file does exist, then you must not be listed in the cron.deny file in order to use this command. If neither of these files exists, only the super user will be allowed to use this command.

OPTIONS

-u It specifies the name of the user whose crontab is to be tweaked. If this option is not given, crontab examines "your" crontab, i.e., the crontab of the person executing the command. Note that su(8) can confuse crontab and that if you are running inside of su(8) you should always use the -u option for safety¡¯s sake. The first form of this command is used to install a new crontab from some named file or standard input if the pseudo-filename "-" is given.

-l The current crontab will be displayed on standard output.

-r The current crontab will be be removed.

-e This option is used to edit the current crontab using the editor specified by the VISUAL or EDITOR environment variables. After you exit from the edi-tor, the modified crontab will be installed automatically.

-i This option modifies the -r option to prompt the user for a ¡¯y/Y¡¯ response before actually removing the crontab.

-s It will append the current SELinux security context string as an MLS_LEVEL setting to the crontab file before editing / replacement occurs - see the documentation of MLS_LEVEL in crontab(5).

百度地图插件安装参考

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百度地图插件安装参考：http://developer.baidu.com/map/index.php?title=jspopular
http://developer.baidu.com/map/index.php?title=%E9%A6%96%E9%A1%B5
下方有相关插件模块

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
</head>

<body>
<div id="map-canvas" class=""style="width:715px;height:400px"></div>
<script src="http://api.map.baidu.com/api?v=1.5&ak=3912c09d8490b8c5754aedc170955e21" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
var map = new BMap.Map("map-canvas");
map.enableScrollWheelZoom();
var point = new BMap.Point(117.180386, 39.084208);
map.centerAndZoom(point, 15);
//加入缩放控件;
map.addControl(new BMap.NavigationControl());
//创建坐标点;
var marker1 = new BMap.Marker(point);
map.addOverlay(marker1);
</script>
</html>

标签: 参考, 地图, 安装, 插件, 百度没有评论

268月/140

Win7上Git安装及配置过程

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Win7上Git安装及配置过程

文档名称	Win7上Git安装及配置过程
创建时间	2012/8/20
修改时间	2012/8/20
创建人	Baifx
简介（收获）	1、在win7上安装msysgit步骤； 2、在win7上安装TortoiseGit步骤； 3、在VS2010中集成Git方法和步骤(未)。
参考源	Git的配置与使用 http://wenku.baidu.com/view/929d7b4e2e3f5727a5e962a8.html

一、安装说明

1、Git在windows平台上安装说明。

Git 是 Linux Torvalds 为了帮助管理 Linux 内核开发而开发的一个开放源码的版本控制软件。目前Git已经可以在windows下使用，主要方法有二：msysgit和Cygwin。Cygwin和Linux使用方法类似，Windows版本的Git提供了友好的GUI(图形界面)，安装后很快可以上手，此处我们主要讨论基于msysgit的Git安装和使用。

TortoiseGit是TortoiseSVN的Git版本，TortoiseGit用于迁移TortoiseSVN到TortoiseGit。一直以来Git在Windows平台没有好用GUI客户端，现在TortoiseGit的出现给Windows开发者带来福音。我们将在64位win7操作系统上安装Git，并使用GUI界面，则需同时安装msysGit和TortoiseGit。

2、阅读TortoiseGit官方安装说明：

http://code.google.com/p/tortoisegit/wiki/SetupHowTo

System prerequisites

For the latest version of TortoiseGit Windows XP SP3 or newer is required.
Admin privileges for the installation
msysGit is required by TortoiseGit

You do not need to download the whole msysGit development package, the "Full installer for official Git for Windows" download package is sufficient
msysGit 1.7.10+ is recommended for TortoiseGit 1.7.9+ (msysGit 1.7.10 adds utf-8 support and is compatible to *nix git)
minimum compatible version is 1.6.1 (for TortoiseGit < 1.7.9 you should use msysGit 1.7.6)

Installation

Just download the setup package for your system and install it. If you are running a 64 bit system, you do not need to download and install the 32 bit version: The 32 bit shell extension is included in the 64 bit installer since TortoiseGit 1.7.3.0.

Windows 2000

If you want to use TortoiseGit in a Win2K environment (only 1.6.5 and below support Win2K), please install GDI+ before you install TortoiseGit. However, running these old versions is not recommended (no utf-8 and separate-git-dir support).

Upgrade

Before upgrading you should read the ReleaseNotes.

Just download the setup package for your system and install it. The old version will be replaced automatically.

If you are upgrading from 1.7.3.0 or older and you have installed the 32-bit version on a 64-bit system you have to deinstall the 32-bit version first.

Common problems (installer aborts with an error message)

"This installation package is not supported by this processor type. Contact your product vendor."

This means you are trying to install the 64-bit version of TortoiseGit on a normal 32-bit operating system. You need to download and use the correct msi file for your OS. For normal 32-bit OS, make sure the msi filename does not have "64-bit" in it.

"Please wait while the installer finishes determining your disk space requirements."

Cleanup/empty the temp-directory (e.g. C:Users<your user>AppDataLocalTemp, C:User and Settings<your user>Local SettingsTemp, c:WindowsTemp).

由如上说明，我们寻找要下载的对应安装包，如下。

二、下载安装包

1、TortoiseGit下载地址：

http://code.google.com/p/tortoisegit/downloads/list

本次下载版本——TortoiseGit-1.7.12.0-64bit.msi

TortoiseGit 1.7.12.0 64bit

x64 Featured

2、msysgit下载地址：

http://code.google.com/p/msysgit/downloads/list

本次下载版本——Git-1.7.11-preview20120710.exe